拥有帝(di)王(wang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿、园林、庙(miao)坛和(he)(he)(he)陵(ling)墓数量最(zui)多，内容(rong)最(zui)丰(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)故宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝时叫(jiao)大(da)内宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，清(qing)朝时叫(jiao)紫(zi)(zi)禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，这里原为明(ming)(ming)(ming)、清(qing)两代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，住过24个皇(huang)帝(di)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)宏伟壮(zhuang)观，完美地(di)(di)(di)(di)体现了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)传(chuan)统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)古典风格和(he)(he)(he)东方格调，是(shi)(shi)我国(guo)(guo)(guo)乃至全世(shi)界现存(cun)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华民(min)族宝贵的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化遗产。天(tian)(tian)(tian)坛以(yi)其(qi)布局合(he)理、构筑(zhu)(zhu)精妙而(er)(er)扬名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外，是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)、清(qing)两代(dai)(dai)皇(huang)帝(di)“祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)”传(chuan)统(tong)文(wen)化　　四(si)合(he)院和(he)(he)(he)胡同 　　四(si)合(he)院是(shi)(shi)以(yi)正房(fang)、倒座房(fang)、东西(xi)(xi)厢房(fang)围绕中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)庭院形成(cheng)平面(mian)布局的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方传(chuan)统(tong)住宅的(de)(de)(de)统(tong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)四(si)合(he)院源于(yu)元代(dai)(dai)院落式民(min)居，是(shi)(shi)老(lao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)主要的(de)(de)(de)民(min)居建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。一(yi)座座青瓦灰(hui)砖的(de)(de)(de)四(si)合(he)院之间(jian)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)窄巷，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)胡同。 　　庙(miao)宇(yu) 　　法源寺(si)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)宗教(jiao)寺(si)庙(miao)遍布京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，现存(cun)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)有：佛(fo)教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)法源寺(si)、潭柘寺(si)、戒台(tai)寺(si)、云居寺(si)、八(ba)大(da)处等(deng)。道(dao)教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)白云观等(deng)。伊(yi)斯兰教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)牛街礼拜寺(si)等(deng)。藏传(chuan)佛(fo)教(jiao)（喇嘛(ma)教(jiao)）的(de)(de)(de)雍和(he)(he)(he)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)主教(jiao)西(xi)(xi)什库天(tian)(tian)(tian)主堂(tang)、王(wang)府井天(tian)(tian)(tian)主堂(tang)等(deng)。基督教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)缸(gang)瓦市教(jiao)堂(tang)、崇文(wen)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)堂(tang)等(deng)。 　　中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian) 　　北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)元、明(ming)(ming)(ming)、清(qing)时的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市规(gui)划具有以(yi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心左右对(dui)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特点。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian)南(nan)起(qi)永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)至钟(zhong)鼓(gu)楼，长约(yue)7.8公里。从南(nan)往北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)依次为，永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，前(qian)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)箭楼，正阳(yang)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)安(an)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)， 端门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，午(wu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，紫(zi)(zi)禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，神(shen)武门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，景山，地(di)(di)(di)(di)安(an)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，后门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)桥，鼓(gu)楼和(he)(he)(he)钟(zhong)楼。从这条中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)端永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)起(qi)，就(jiu)有天(tian)(tian)(tian)坛、先农坛；太庙(miao)、社(she)稷坛；东华门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)(xi)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)；安(an)定(ding)(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，德胜门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian)为轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)对(dui)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分布。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)著名(ming)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大(da)师梁思(si)成(cheng)先生曾(ceng)(ceng)经说(shuo)：“北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)独有的(de)(de)(de)壮(zhuang)美秩序(xu)就(jiu)由这条中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立而(er)(er)产生。” 永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)安(an)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)都在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)华人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立后被拆毁(hui)，而(er)(er)近(jin)年来(lai)又重新修建(jian)了永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)楼。 　　城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池 　　始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝1550年的(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)街”——前(qian)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大(da)街北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)历史上最(zui)后两代(dai)(dai)王(wang)朝明(ming)(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)(he)清(qing)的(de)(de)(de)都城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)总(zong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，由宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、内城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)组成(cheng)，包括城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墙、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、瓮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、角楼、 敌台(tai)、护城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河等(deng)多道(dao)设施(shi)，曾(ceng)(ceng)经是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)存(cun)世(shi)最(zui)完整的(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市防(fang)御体系。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)总(zong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。根据等(deng)级以(yi)及建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)规(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)差异，分为宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、内城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)类。明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)座（一(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六座） 　　京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)剧(ju) 　　京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)剧(ju)是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)粹。京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)剧(ju)的(de)(de)(de)源头还要追溯到几(ji)种古老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方戏剧(ju)，1790年，安(an)徽(hui)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方戏班(ban)——三庆班(ban)、四(si)喜班(ban)、春公班(ban)、和(he)(he)(he)春班(ban)——先后进(jin)京(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)献艺，获得空(kong)前(qian)成(cheng)功。徽(hui)班(ban)常(chang)与来(lai)自湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)汉(han)调艺人(ren)(ren)合(he)作(zuo)演出，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)，一(yi)种以(yi)徽(hui)调“二黄(huang)”和(he)(he)(he)汉(han)